FACTS
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IDEAS
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LEARNING OUTCOME
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ACTION
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1. Tired,
abdomen swelling, arms leg thin, ribs poking to the chest
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1. Why did she feel tired?
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1.
One of the reasons why he can feel tired is
lack of sleep. Late nights can take a toll on energy level. Most adults need
between seven and nine hours of sleep each night. If we get into a habit of
staying up late, we are putting our self at risk for sleep deprivation.
Besides that, being tired all the time can also be a sign of vitamin deficiency.
This could include low levels of vitamin D, vitamin B-12, iron, magnesium, or
potassium. The easiest way to banish tiredness is to make adjustments to our
diet. Eating a healthful and balanced diet can make the world of difference
to how we feel (Higuera, 2019).
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We get the information from internet
resources.
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2. Hair
started to change colour and fall out
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1. Why did her hair fall out?
2.How to prevent hair loss?
3.What causes the hair colour to change?
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1. First
and foremost, hair follicle cells have a high turnover. Their active
metabolism requires a good supply of nutrients and energy.
Causes of the falling
hair:
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A caloric deprivation or deficiency
of several components such as proteins, minerals, essential fatty acids and
vitamins can lead to hair loss.
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Extreme mental stress or anxiety.
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Lack of vitamins such as vitamin D,
vitamin C, vitamin A and also lack of fats.
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Lack of protein, poor diet and
drastic weight lose also one of the causes of hair loss.
2.
How to prevent this hair loss issues.
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regularly wash hair with mild
shampoo and also need a suitable vitamin for hair loss.
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we need to enrich diet with protein
because a protein makes a structure of hair which is in type of fibrous
protein.
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we also need to scalp massage with
essential oils because it will help hair to remain active.
3.
Causes the hair colour to change
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The changes of hair colour caused
by a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 deficiency is associated with a
condition called pernicious anaemia, which is when your body can’t absorb
enough of this vitamin. Your body needs vitamin B-12 for healthy red blood
cells, which carry oxygen to cells in your body, including hair cells. A
deficiency can weaken hair cells and affect melanin production.
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We able to answer the question of ideas by
finding hair loss details from pharmacist specialist at Summer Mall Watson.
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3. Lose
appetite
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1. What are the causes of lose appetite?
2.What is the effect of lose appetite?
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1. Causes of loss of
appetite:
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Pregnancy
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Metabolic problems
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Chronic liver disease
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COPD
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Dementia
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HIV
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Hepatitis
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Hypothyroidism
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Chronic kidney failure
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Heart failure
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Cocaine, heroin, morphine, codeine,
and antibiotics
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Chemotherapy
2.
Leptin is a hormone, made by fat
cells, that decreases your appetite. Ongoing appetite loss may lead to
serious complications. These include weight loss, not getting the nutrients that
the body needs, and fatigue and weakness from muscle loss. In addition, the
changes in appetite are common with cancer and cancer treatment. People with
poor appetite or appetite loss may eat less than usual, not feel hungry at
all, or feel full after eating only a small amount (“Appetite loss,” 2018).
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We found out the causes and effects of loss
appetite by using Biochemistry note slides in the cofactors and vitamin topic
which provided by Dr. Dayang and Dr. Mickey.
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4. Her
body become thin and fat at the same time
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-Why did her body become like that?
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Because of poor
nutrition which means the amounts of nutrition intake is not in the right
amount, such as lack of protein. Protein is very important in our body
because it helps in repair and make new cells. Limited supply of food that
contain protein can lead to abnormal body parts or appearance. One of the
diseases that will lead to is kwashiorkor which a failure to grow and gain
weight. The symptoms of kwashiorkor are loss of muscle mass and enlarged
tummy.
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We analysed the condition of malnutrition’s
body by observing video at Eleaps.
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5. Family
members (brother) always tired and lose focus by falling asleep
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-What is the daily routine of the family
members?
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- A family need to
prepare and eat meals together and spend family time, like regular walks
after dinner or movie nights. Then, let us having family meetings, or just
taking turns talking about the day and also spend special one-to-one time
with parents.
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We defined the daily routine of family
members by searching in the Internet.
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6. Medical
treatment
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1. What kind of medical treatment for
malnutrition?
2.What are the
symptoms of malnutrition?
3. What are the effects of malnutrition?
4. How long the treatment will be conducted
for malnutrition?
5.Can malnutrition
cause mental illness?
6. Does this disease lead
to death?
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1. Medical treatment for
malnutrition:
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Dietary changes, such as eating
foods high in energy and nutrients
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Give support for families to manage
underlying factors affecting the child's nutritional intake.
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Undergo treatment for any
underlying medical conditions causing their malnutrition. The last one is
consuming vitamin and mineral supplements.
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2. Symptoms
of malnutrition:
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Weakness of muscles and fatigue.
The muscles of the body appear to waste away and may be left without adequate
strength to carry out daily activities.
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Tiredness all day and lack of
energy. This may also be due to anaemia caused by malnutrition.
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Increased susceptibility to
infections, delayed and prolonged healing of even small wounds and cuts,
irritability and dizziness.
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The skin and hair becomes dry. Skin
may appear dry, and flaky and hair may turn dry, lifeless, dull and appear
like straw.
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Nails may appear brittle and break
easily.
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Suffer from persistent diarrhea or long
term constipation.
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Menstruation may be irregular or
stop completely in malnourished women.
3. Effects of malnutrition:
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Failure to grow at a normal expected
rate in terms of weight, height or both.
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Irritability, sluggishness and
excessive crying along with behavioral changes like anxiety, attention
deficit are common in children with malnutrition.
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The skin becomes dry and flaky and
hair may turn dry, dull and straw like in appearance.
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Hair loss
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Muscle wasting and lack of strength
in the muscles.
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Limbs may appear stick like. Swelling
of the abdomen and legs. The abdomen is swollen because of lack of strength
of the muscles of the abdomen. This causes the contents of the abdomen to
bulge out making the abdomen swollen. Legs are swollen due to edema.
4. How
long the treatment will be conducted for malnutrition is depending on the
cause and severity of the disease itself. The treatment can be conducted
either at home or in the hospital. At home, they will be advised to increase
energy (calories), carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and proteins. People
with severe malnourishment may need artificial nutritional support, either through
a tube or intravenously (Brazier, 2017). The patient that suffer from
malnutrition will be closely monitored for progress, and their treatment will
be regularly reviewed to ensure their nutritional needs are being met (Brazier,
2017).
5. Depression
is common in malnutrition. This could be both a cause as well as an effect of
malnutrition. There are also have symptoms of malnutrition in children such
as growth failure.
6. Starvation
is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to
maintain an organism's life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In
humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage and eventually,
death.
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We found out the medical treatment for
malnutrition, differentiate the malnutrition symptoms between adults and
children and analyse the consequences of malnutrition suffer by referring
through the video provided in Eleaps.
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7. Normal
food could make the disease became worse
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-What is the best food to treat
malnutrition?
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Food-containing high level of
protein such as milk, fish, eggs and peanuts.
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Food that are rich in carbohydrate
such as sweet potatoes, rice and cassava.
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Vegetables and fruits such as
oranges and papayas because they are rich in vitamins and minerals that will
protect our body from diseases.
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We able to explain the types of food which
malnutrition should to avoid from consuming and determine the healthy food to
cure malnutrition by searching from Internet sources.
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8. Balanced
diet
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-What is the composition of a balanced diet?
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A balanced diet
includes six main nutrients which are fats, protein, carbohydrates, fibre,
vitamins, and minerals.
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Fats can be found in fatty food
such as butter, oil and cheese.
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Protein also helps in building
muscle and it is found in meat, eggs, chicken, etc.
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Carbohydrates provide us some of
energy. It also can be found in rice, wheat, bread, etc.
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Minerals and vitamins and also
fibre improve the body’s resistance to disease and it also can be found from
vegetables and fruits.
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We able to indicate the composition of a
balanced diet by using the information provided in the trigger video and also
classified it with easier ways.
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9. Children
who were malnourished are prone to diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea and
malaria
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-What is the relationship between
malnutrition and those diseases?
-What is diarrhoea, cholera and malaria?
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1. Firstly, malnutrition
makes them more susceptible to cholera; diseases create more malnutrition a
vicious combination. Second, undernutrition increases the incidence and
severity of diarrhoea and diarrhoea is detrimental to nutritional status.
Moreover, infection and micronutrient deficiencies including zinc deficiency
can induce immunodeficiency in otherwise healthy children, increasing
susceptibility to diarrhoea and other infections. Third, divergent results
were reported on the effect of malnutrition on malaria risk. While no
consistent association between risk of malaria and acute malnutrition was
found, chronic malnutrition was relatively consistently associated with
severity of malaria such as high-density parasitemia and anaemia.
2.
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Cholera is an infectious disease
that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even
death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water
contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholera.
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Malaria is a mosquito-borne
infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes
symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In
severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death.
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Diarrhoea is a condition in which
faeces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form.
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We able to point up the relationship between
malnutrition with others disease and define the meaning of diarrhoea, cholera
and malaria by debating among the references that our group found.
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10. Breastfeed children under 2
years
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-What are the benefits of breastfeeding?
-What is breastfeeding and the nutrients of
breastfeeding?
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Breastfeeding Benefits
for Baby
Breast milk is nature's
perfect baby food. It contains immunity-boosting antibodies and healthy
enzymes that scientists have yet to replicate. There are several advantages
of breast milk for babies.
Firstly, breastfeeding
can protect the baby against allergies and eczema. If there's a history of
either in your family, it may be especially beneficial for you to breastfeed.
Proteins in cow's milk and soy milk formulas can stimulate an allergic
reaction, while the proteins in human breast milk are more easily digested.
Second, it also can reduce the risk of viruses, urinary tract infections,
inflammatory bowel disease, gastroenteritis, ear infections, and respiratory
infections. "The incidences of pneumonia, colds, and viruses are reduced
among breastfed babies," says infant-nutrition expert Ruth A. Lawrence,
M.D., a professor of paediatrics and OB-GYN at the University of Rochester
School of Medicine and Dentistry in Rochester, N.Y., and the author of
Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession (Elsevier-Mosby).
Additionally, formula-fed infants are three times more likely to suffer from
ear infections than breastfed babies, and up to five times more likely to
suffer from pneumonia and lower respiratory-tract infections. Third, milk
from the mom may make the baby smarter. Research is still inconclusive, but
studies are pointing toward breastfed babies having higher IQ scores later in
life, even when taking socioeconomic factors into consideration. The fatty
acids in breast milk are thought to be the brain boosters (Lucla &
Hartshorn, n.d.).
Breastfeeding Benefits
for Mom
The benefits of
breastfeeding don’t only extend to your baby. It turns out that breastfeeding
can boost the mom’s health as well.
First, one of the
benefit is lowering the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Studies show that
women who breastfeed have less risk of these cancers later in life. Second,
helps to lose pregnancy weight. Because milk production burns about 300 to
500 calories a day, nursing mothers tend to have an easier time losing
pregnancy weight in a healthy way—that is, slowly and without dieting.
"Breast milk contains 20 calories per ounce. If you feed your baby 20
ounces a day, that's 400 calories you've swept out of your body," says
Lawrence. Moreover, may lower the risk of osteoporosis. According to
Lawrence, women who breastfeed have a lower risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
"When a woman is pregnant and lactating, her body absorbs calcium much
more efficiently," Lawrence explains. "So while some bones,
particularly those in the spine and hips, may be a bit less dense at weaning,
six months later, they are denser than before pregnancy (Lucla &
Hartshorn, n.d.).
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We capable to specify the benefits of
breastfeeding for baby and mom by searching in the Internet sources.
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11. Worms can cause malnutrition
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-How certain worms can cause malnutrition?
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Roundworm infection
reduces the body's ability to use protein and to absorb fat, which worsens
protein energy malnutrition. Other nutrient effects of roundworm infection
are exacerbation of vitamin A deficiency and lactose and milk intolerance.
For example, hookworm infections reduce food intake and increase nutrient
wastage via vomiting, diarrhea, or blood loss. These effects exasperate
protein energy malnutrition, anaemia, and other nutrient deficiencies.
Hookworm infection reduces the work capacity and productivity of children and
adults; increases maternal and fatal morbidity, premature delivery, and low
birth weight, as well as the susceptibility to other infections; and reduces
the rate of cognitive development. These social and economic consequences in
turn reduce the ability of people and families to raise crops or earn enough
money to buy food and other essentials. As many as 90% of the children in
some areas of the developed world are infected with roundworm. More than
100,000 deaths in 1987 resulted from complications of roundworm infection
such as intestinal obstruction.
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We able to describe how worms work and how
they affect the human body by watching a video from Youtube.
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12. Change in skin colour
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-How malnutrition affects skin colour?
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How malnutrition
affects skin colour?
Firstly, a poor diet
puts you at risk of an omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, and, as a result, you
might notice skin and hair problems. Second, low vitamin D levels leave you
more vulnerable to sun damage, negatively affecting the health of your skin.
Third, a diet poor in vitamin C puts you at risk of developing scurvy, a
condition that causes skin lesions.
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We capable to solve the question ideas by
searching information from the Internet which adequately in line with our
Biochemistry learning.
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13. Loose skin under the bottom
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-How malnutrition affects loosen skin under
the bottom?
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How malnutrition
affects loosen skin under the bottom?
Loosen skin under the
bottom is caused by a lack of protein in an otherwise ample diet. Muscles
shrink to the point where bones protrude and loose skin may hang from the
body. This is most notable in areas of the body that are normally well padded
with fat. Bones in the face and ribs may appear especially prominent.
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We able to answer the question ideas by
discussing in a group using Internet sources that we got.
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14. Irritability which is crying
with no tears
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-How can someone cry without tears?
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How can someone cry
without tears?
Crying without tears is
known as irritability. Irritability is defined as a feeling of agitation.
Regardless of the term you use, when you're irritable, you're likely to
become frustrated or upset easily. You might experience it in response to
stressful situations. It may also be a symptom of a mental or physical health
condition.
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We capable to define the term ‘crying
without tears’ and how malnutrition causes it by using Internet sources.
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